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Procedure price report · Other diagnostic procedures on musculoskeletal system

Opening a toe base joint to take a tissue sample

CPT 28052the billing code this page is about

The surgeon opens the joint where a toe meets the foot and removes a sample of joint lining or tissue for testing.

Hospitals typically charge $1,531 cash for this outpatient procedure — the median across 306 hospitals that filed a usable cash price; the average of the middle 60% is $2,017. Most fall between $509 and $4,350 (20th–80th percentile).

Hospitals
306
States
42
Filings dated
Jun 2024 – Sep 2026
Computed
September 25, 2026
Prices checked
through September 24, 2026

Median: half of hospitals filed less, half more — and it is a price some hospital actually filed. Average of the middle 60%: the mean of the prices between the 20th and 80th percentiles. We never publish the plain average, the lowest or the highest price: the extremes in hospital price files are chargemaster artefacts, not prices anyone pays.

What hospitals charge, from cheapest to most expensive

Cash price percentiles, outpatient, across 306 hospitals. Each figure is a price a hospital filed. 10th: one in ten hospitals charges less; 25th: a quarter charge less; Median: half charge less; 75th: three quarters charge less; 90th: nine in ten charge less.
10th25thMedian75th90th
$335$705$1,531$3,840$7,494

The most expensive tenth of hospitals charges at least 22× what the cheapest tenth charges ($335 vs $7,494).

How the prices are spread

$267 – $378: 16 hospitals$267$378 – $536: 32 hospitals$536 – $760: 22 hospitals$536$760 – $1,078: 25 hospitals$1,078 – $1,528: 41 hospitals$1,078$1,528 – $2,165: 26 hospitals$2,165 – $3,069: 13 hospitals$2,165$3,069 – $4,351: 56 hospitals$4,351 – $6,167: 23 hospitals$4,351$6,167 – $8,742: 32 hospitals$6,167median $1,531price bands are equal on a log scale
Hospitals per price band (286 of 306 — the bands cover the 5th to 95th percentile)
FromToHospitals
$267$37816
$378$53632
$536$76022
$760$1,07825
$1,078$1,52841
$1,528$2,16526
$2,165$3,06913
$3,069$4,35156
$4,351$6,16723
$6,167$8,74232

Against Medicare

Medicare pays (OPPS 2026, national rate)$3,343
Median cash price$1,531
Cash as a multiple of Medicare0.46×

The Medicare figure is the national unadjusted OPPS rate for this code — what Medicare itself pays a hospital before local wage adjustment. It is a benchmark, not a price anyone is charged.

By state

The median cash price in each state, against the national median of $1,531.

Alaska: 1 hospital filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureAKMaine: no hospital in the corpus filed a usable priceMEVermont: 4 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureVTNew Hampshire: 5 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureNHWashington: 3 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureWAIdaho: 7 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureIDMontana: 1 hospital filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureMTNorth Dakota: 2 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureNDMinnesota: 4 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureMNIllinois: median $769 across 14 hospitalsIL$769Wisconsin: median $2,056 across 25 hospitalsWI$2,056Michigan: median $555 across 15 hospitalsMI$555New York: median $3,840 across 19 hospitalsNY$3,840Massachusetts: no hospital in the corpus filed a usable priceMAOregon: median $1,300 across 11 hospitalsOR$1,300Nevada: 3 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureNVWyoming: 3 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureWYSouth Dakota: 1 hospital filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureSDIowa: median $1,110 across 14 hospitalsIA$1,110Indiana: 2 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureINOhio: median $1,056 across 11 hospitalsOH$1,056Pennsylvania: median $1,264 across 22 hospitalsPA$1,264New Jersey: median $3,986 across 24 hospitalsNJ$3,986Connecticut: no hospital in the corpus filed a usable priceCTRhode Island: no hospital in the corpus filed a usable priceRICalifornia: median $8,742 across 25 hospitalsCA$8,742Utah: no hospital in the corpus filed a usable priceUTColorado: 2 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureCONebraska: 4 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureNEMissouri: 4 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureMOKentucky: 1 hospital filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureKYWest Virginia: 9 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureWVVirginia: 3 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureVAMaryland: no hospital in the corpus filed a usable priceMDDelaware: no hospital in the corpus filed a usable priceDEArizona: 2 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureAZNew Mexico: 1 hospital filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureNMKansas: 4 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureKSArkansas: 2 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureARTennessee: 6 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureTNNorth Carolina: 1 hospital filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureNCSouth Carolina: 3 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureSCOklahoma: median $430 across 14 hospitalsOK$430Louisiana: 2 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureLAMississippi: 1 hospital filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureMSAlabama: 2 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureALGeorgia: no hospital in the corpus filed a usable priceGAHawaii: 1 hospital filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureHITexas: median $3,258 across 21 hospitalsTX$3,258Florida: 7 hospitals filed a usable price — fewer than 10, so no figureFL
Cash price by state, most expensive first. National median $1,531. A state needs at least 10 hospitals with a usable price to show a figure.
StateHospitalsMedianvs national20th–80th
California CA25$8,742+471%$1,155 – $8,742
New Jersey NJ24$3,986+160%$3,591 – $5,741
New York NY19$3,840+151%$954 – $3,884
Texas TX21$3,258+113%$2,794 – $3,258
Wisconsin WI25$2,056+34%$1,297 – $2,056
Oregon OR11$1,300−15%$705 – $1,300
Pennsylvania PA22$1,264−17%$167 – $5,038
Iowa IA14$1,110−28%$1,110 – $1,129
Ohio OH11$1,056−31%$798 – $1,157
Illinois IL14$769−50%$333 – $1,208
Michigan MI15$555−64%$412 – $4,499
Oklahoma OK14$430−72%$430 – $6,615
West Virginia WV9not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Florida FL7not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Idaho ID7not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Tennessee TN6not enough hospitals filed a usable price
New Hampshire NH5not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Kansas KS4not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Minnesota MN4not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Missouri MO4not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Nebraska NE4not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Vermont VT4not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Nevada NV3not enough hospitals filed a usable price
South Carolina SC3not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Virginia VA3not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Washington WA3not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Wyoming WY3not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Alabama AL2not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Arkansas AR2not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Arizona AZ2not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Colorado CO2not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Indiana IN2not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Louisiana LA2not enough hospitals filed a usable price
North Dakota ND2not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Alaska AK1not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Hawaii HI1not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Kentucky KY1not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Mississippi MS1not enough hospitals filed a usable price
Montana MT1not enough hospitals filed a usable price
North Carolina NC1not enough hospitals filed a usable price
New Mexico NM1not enough hospitals filed a usable price
South Dakota SD1not enough hospitals filed a usable price

Hospitals like yours

The same distribution cut by the kind of hospital. Hospital type and ownership come from CMS; a hospital counts as part of a system when its price file is shared with at least one other hospital under the same brand. The national median is $1,531.

Cash price by hospital segment. A segment needs at least 20 hospitals to show a figure.
SegmentHospitalsMedian20th–80th
Hospital type
Acute care244$1,628$608 – $4,601
Children’s7fewer than 20 hospitals
Critical access55$1,300$412 – $3,072
Ownership
For-profit29$2,511$412 – $5,299
Government45$1,155$499 – $3,840
Non-profit232$1,589$555 – $4,499
System affiliation
Part of a system257$2,056$601 – $4,601
Independent49$888$509 – $2,790

Cash price vs list price

Median list price (chargemaster)$1,628
Median cash price$1,531
Cash as a share of list, median hospital62%

At the typical hospital, asking for the cash price cuts the list price by about 38%. The share is the median of each hospital’s own cash ÷ list ratio, over hospitals that filed both — not the ratio of the two medians above.

The same procedure, inpatient

170 hospitals filed a usable inpatient cash price for this code. The median is $1,264 and the average of the middle 60% is $1,677; most fall between $436 and $3,977.

Cash price percentiles, inpatient, across 170 hospitals. Each figure is a price a hospital filed. 10th: one in ten hospitals charges less; 25th: a quarter charge less; Median: half charge less; 75th: three quarters charge less; 90th: nine in ten charge less.
10th25thMedian75th90th
$412$518$1,264$3,258$8,742

The most expensive tenth of hospitals charges at least 21× what the cheapest tenth charges ($412 vs $8,742).

Of the 183 hospitals that filed this code inpatient, 170 gave a usable cash price; 7 carried a plausibility flag, 0 filed a number their own filing marks as not a price, 0 gave an estimate, and 6 a list price only.

How complete is this

306 of the 3,956 hospitals with a price file in our corpus (8%) filed a usable outpatient cash price for this code, and those are the hospitals every figure on this page is computed from.

What the 328 hospitals that filed this code at all gave us
Usable cash price — counted306
Cash price carrying a plausibility flag — shown on the compare tool, excluded here13
A number the filing itself marks as not a price (a placeholder, a ratio) — excluded1
An estimate rather than a filed cash price — excluded0
A list price only, no cash figure — excluded8
Hospitals that filed this code328

Sections not shown for this setting

  • Since our last snapshot: there is no earlier snapshot at least 90 days older than this one yet.

We last checked these hospitals’ price files for changes between September 4, 2026 and September 24, 2026; the figures were computed September 25, 2026 from filings loaded through September 24, 2026. The percentiles and averages use only the “counted” row.

Related procedures

Part of the Other diagnostic procedures on musculoskeletal system family.

Hospitals file this code under descriptions such as PR Bx Synovium Metatarso-Phal Jt.

Method

Source
The machine-readable price files every U.S. hospital is required by CMS to publish, parsed per hospital. Nothing is surveyed, sampled or modelled.
What counts
One cash (self-pay) price per hospital for this code and setting. A hospital’s own filing can rule its number out — a placeholder, a “not applicable” note, a list price standing in for cash — and our plausibility checks can flag a price far below what every other hospital files. Both kinds are disclosed above and excluded from the statistics; on the compare tool a flagged price is still shown.
Statistics
Percentiles are discrete: each is a price some hospital filed. The average is the mean of the prices between the 20th and 80th percentiles. We never publish the plain mean, the minimum or the maximum. A state needs 10 hospitals and a segment 20 to show a figure; otherwise the row shows its count and no number. Medicare is the national unadjusted OPPS rate where one exists.
Names
Procedure names on these pages are our own plain-language titles, not the AMA’s copyrighted CPT descriptors. The code is the identity.

The full rules — sources, statistics, thresholds, limitations — are on the methodology page.

Download this page’s figures: JSON · CSV. Aggregates only — the per-hospital prices are on the compare tool.

Cite: HospitalRates.com, “Opening a toe base joint to take a tissue sample (CPT 28052) — cash price report,” computed September 25, 2026. https://hospitalrates.com/procedures/cpt-28052-opening-a-toe-base-joint-to-take-a-tissue-sample